Object oriented programming

What is oops? 

 Introduction

Object oriented programming(oop) is used to build oops. objects are the basic building block of object oriented programming system(oops)

The real world objects have two characteristics: state and behavior.

 For example human beings have state such as name, color, age, and height and behaviors such as walking, dancing and sleeping.

Oops consists of following features.   

       Encapsulation

       Abstraction

       Inheritance

       Polymorphism

Encapsulation:

Encapsulation implies that the non-essential details of an object are hidden from the user and an access is provided to its essential details. therefore, encapsulation is also information hiding.

For example when  you switch on the TV the TV starting showing movies. you don’t have to know what is happening in the internal electrical circuits and cathode ray tube and that is hidden from the viewer

Abstraction:

In object oriented, programming, abstraction means ignoring the non essential; details of an object and concentrating on essential details.

To implement abstraction , you also use the encapsulation feature . encapsulation hides the irrelevant details of an object and abstraction makes only relevant features of an object visible.

Inheritance:

In object oriented methodology , inheritance enables you to extend the functionality   of an existing class. you create a class inherits attributes and behavior of another class. in addition , a new class can consist of a few new attributes and behavior that are specific to the class. In terms of classes and objects, attributes refer to the data  and behavior refer to methods.

Polymorphism:

Polymorphism is derived from lathin words poly, which means many, and morph, which means forms.  Anything that exists in more than one form is known as poly morph.

In object oriented methodology, polymorphism is the feature that enables you to assign a different meaning or usage to an entity  in different contexts. the entity can be a variable, method, or an object. Polymorphism enables an entity to have more than one form depending upon the context in which it is used.